Heinrich Anton de Bary: The Phenomenon of Symbiosis (1879)
This is the paper in which de Bary presented the notion of "symbiosis", a close association between organisms of different species. His idea was explicitly formulated in opposition to van Benedén's more specific categories of mutualism and commensalism.
| Original Citation Other Papers by de Bary More About de Bary Links to organisms discussed by de Bary Errata |
"Die Erscheinung der Symbiose" (1879). Privately printed in Strasburg.
in English: "The Phenomenon of Symbiosis" (1879)
de Bary, Heinrich Anton (1866) Morphologie und Physiologie der Pilze, Flechten und Myxomyceten [Morphology and Physiology of the Fungi, Lichens, and Slime Molds]. This is the textbook quoted by both de Bary and Schwendener. It was eventually translated into English in 1887 as Comparative Morphology and Biology of the Fungi, Mycetozoa, and Bacteria, but you'll notice that by then it was based on the 2nd edition (1884) of his textbook, which no longer included the lichens. So if you want to check what he really said about the jelly lichens, you'll have to read the German.
King-Thom Chung's online biography of de Bary
The anecdote of de Bary defending Strasburger when he was mocked for his first big discovery comes from the page of the Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft's Strasburger prize.
First of all, there's Dave Webb's great page on cyanobacteria and their symbioses with Azolla and cycads. It even touches on their symbiosis with Gunnera, as mentioned by de Bary in a footnote, and a little bit on lichens. More importantly, it gives the answer to de Bary's question about what the cyanobacterium is doing for the Azolla and cycads.
Azolla
A great page on Azolla, from Prof. Wayne Armstrong's amazing Wayne's World site.
Botrytis bassi
Now known as Beauveria bassiana. Given the nature of society, most of the pages featuring this fungus focus on using it as a biological insecticide. You get maybe one small photo of an infected bug, and then a whole page of pesticide dosage information.
A nice exception is George Baron's pages, showing its conidia and its development (pushing through the exoskeleton from the inside) on a cicada, hawkmoths, and some cinch bugs.
Phytophthora infestans (potato blight)
See the article at Tom Volk's "Fungus of the Month." It comes in two forms: one with a built in movie that may take a while to load; the other without the movie, for people with dial-up connections.
Study questions: The footnote referred to in question 3 should be footnote #11, not #9.
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Sorry! Can't answer your questions about the class! :-)
Mushroom, the journal for all seasons