1
1. Mushroom stalkless or nearly so - - -
2
1. Not as above - - -
3
2
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2. Cap variously colored; gills whitish becoming brownish; thin-fleshed; on wood - - -
Crepidotus pp. 636-637
2. Cap and gills yellowish; gills easily separable from cap flesh; fleshy; on wood - - -
Paxillus panuoides p. 672
3
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3. Stalk off center to lateral, stout, dark velvet; on wood - - -
Paxillus atrotomentosus p. 670
3. Stalk central or nearly so - - -
4
4
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4. Gills when cut exuding a white, colored or clear liquid - - -
Lactarius pp. 680-696
4. Not as above - - -
5
5
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5. Gills brittle, typically flaking when flicked with finger - - -
Russula pp. 697-707
5. Not as above - - -
6
6
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6. Gills descending stalk - - -
7
6. Gills descending stalk - - -
10
7
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7. Medium to large fleshy mushrooms - - -
8
7. Small, fragile mushrooms - - -
9
8
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8. Cap brownish; cap margin inrolled; gills dull yellowish, bruising brown - - -
Paxillus involutes p. 671
8. Cap reddish to red-brown; gills bright yellowish - - -
Phylloporus rhodoxanthus p. 672
9
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9. Little brown mushroom on wood debris; cap adorned with minute whitish hairs - - -
Tubaria pp. 638-640
9. Little whitish mushroom with hairy cap margin - - -
Ripartites tricholoma pp. 796-797
10
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10. Gills free - - -
11
10. Gills not free - - -
12
11
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11. Broad-capped mushrooms of lawns and open woods; with ring; dark brown spore print - - -
Agaricus pp. 500-509
11. Conical, slimy capped mushrooms of conifer woods; with long rooting stalk - - -
Phaeocollybia pp. 634-635
12
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12. On wood - - -
13
12. Not on wood - - -
27
13
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13. Cap scaly to powdery - - -
14
13. Not as above - - -
15
14
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14. Cap and, often, stalk scaly - - -
Pholiota pp. 712-718
14. Cap and stalk powdery-scaly; small - - -
Phaeomarasmius erinaceellus p. 711
15
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15. Ring present - - -
16
15. Ring absent - - -
23
16
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16. Fleshy mushrooms - - -
17
16. Small, fragile-stalked mushrooms - - -
18
17
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17. Orange to orange-brown mushrooms with orange to orange brown spore print - - -
Gymnopilus pp. 623-624
17. Whitish to yellowish or light brown mushrooms with dark brown spore print - - -
Agrocybe pp. 556-558
18
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18. On logs and or stumps - - -
19
18. On wood chips, wood mulch, decomposed wood (often buried) - - -
21
19
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19. Cap covered with minute whitish fibers - - -
Tubaria confragosa pp. 638-639
19. Cap smooth - - -
20
20
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20. Cap moist, fading on drying; stalk scaly below ring; often massed on stumps - - -
Pholiota mutabilis p. 715
20. Cap moist to sticky, fading on drying; stalk not scaly; scattered on logs - - -
Galerina autumnalis p. 620
21
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21. Cap, stalk and or veil bruising blue; spore print purple-brown - - -
Psilocybe stuntzii p. 725
21. No part bruising blue; spore print rusty-brown - - -
22
22
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22. Small, thin ring on upper stalk - - -
Galerina venenata p. 622
22. Large, conspicuous ring at mid-stalk on long, thin stalk - - -
Conocybe filaris p. 559
23
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23. Cap bell-shaped, yellowish, slimy; gills reddish brown, "wet;" spore print cinnamon - - -
Bolbitius p. 559
23. Cap not bell-shaped - - -
24
24
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24. Cap yellowish to orange or orange-brown; stalk fleshy; spore print orange brown - - -
Gymnopilus p. 623
24. Not as above - - -
25
25
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25. Cap brownish with whitish fibers on cap; stalk fragile; spore print pale brown - - -
Tubaria pp. 638-640
25. Not as above - - -
26
26
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26. Cap velvety, greenish brown (rare) - - -
Simocybe centunculus p. 638
26. Cap whitish with hairy margin; spore print pale brown - - -
Ripartites tricholoma pp. 796-797
27
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27. Mushrooms fleshy, often large - - -
28
27. Mushrooms small, fragile - - -
40
28
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28. Partial veil present; ring present or absent - - -
29
28. Partial veil absent - - -
38
29
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29. Ring present - - -
30
29. Ring absent; hairy ring zone may be present on upper stalk; partial veil cobwebby - - -
35
30
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30. Cap dry or powdery but not slimy or scaly - - -
31
30. Cap slimy to sticky and or scaly - - -
33
31
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31. Mushrooms yellowish brown and granular-powdery; in Pacific Northwest - - -
Phaeolepiota aurea pp. 523-524
31. Mushrooms not granular-powdery - - -
32
32
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32. Cap with whitish "frosting" over center; ring usually at mid-stalk - - -
Rozites caperata pp. 635-636
32. Mushroom off-white to brownish, smooth; in grassy areas - - -
Agrocybe pp. 556-558
33
Back to 30
33. Cap and stalk scaly - - -
34
33. Cap slimy, smooth; gills gray-brown; distinct ring; stalk rooting - - -
Hebeloma radicosum (not in Audubon field guide)
34
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34. Cap slimy, scaly, brownish; distinct ring; usually along roadsides - - -
Pholiota terrestris p. 718
34. Cap dry, scaly, golden; indistinct ring on scaly stalk; pungent odor - - -
Inocybe terrigena p. 633
35
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35. Gills often brightly colored, becoming rusty brown; mushrooms often large - - -
Cortinarius pp. 611-620
35. Not as above - - -
36
36
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36. Gills pale grayish brown; mushrooms mostly smallish or slender-stalked - - -
37
36. Gills ochre-brown; mushrooms smallish; caps slimy - - -
Pholiota lenta (not in Audubon field guide)
37
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37. Cap slimy, smooth; gills often radishy in odor; stalk often powdery at top - - -
Hebeloma pp. 624-626
37. Cap fibrous or radially lined with hairs and often peaked; gills often malodorous - - -
Inocybe pp. 626-633
38
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38. Cap fibrous or radially lined with hairs and often peaked; gills often malodorous - - -
Inocybe pp. 626-633
38. Cap slimy - - -
39
39
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39. Cap rounded; gills often radishy in odor; stalk often powdery at top - - -
Hebeloma pp. 624-626
39. Cap peaked; stalk rooting; under conifers - - -
Phaeocollybia pp. 634-635
40
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40. Cap conical to bell-shaped; gills usually cinnamon - - -
41
40. Cap conical or bell-shaped to convex or flat; gills light to dark brown - - -
44
41
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41. Cap slimy, yellowish; gills seem to be "wet" and collapse - - -
Bolbitius p. 559
41. Not as above - - -
42
42
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42. Cap conical or broader; stalk base bruising blue; in moss in bogs - - -
Conocybe smithii p. 561
42. Not as above - - -
43
43
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43. Cap conical or broader; thin stalk with large ring; in grass, moss, wood chips - - -
Conocybe filaris pp. 559-560
43. Cap dunce-cap shaped; without ring; commonly in lawns - - -
Conocybe pp. 560-562
44
Back to 40
44. Gills light brown to light gray brown - - -
45
44. Gills becoming rusty brown to dark brown - - -
46
45
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45. Cap fibrous or radially lined with hairs and often peaked, gills often malodorous - - -
Inocybe pp. 626-633
45. Cap brownish with minute whitish fibers; stalk fragile - - -
Tubaria pp. 638-640
46
Back to 44
46. Mushrooms of lawns and grassy areas - - -
47
46. Mushrooms of other habitats - - -
49
47
Back to 46
47. Ring present - - -
Galerina venenata p. 622
47. Ring absent - - -
48
48
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48. Cap and stalk yellowish to buff; gills becoming rusty - - -
Agrocybe pediades pp. 557-558
48. Cap brownish, fading in bands; gills dark brown - - -
Psathyrella foenisecii pp. 606-607
49
Back to 46
49. Cap conical to bell-shaped - - -
50
49. Cap convex to flat; mushroom of wet alder areas - - -
Alnicola melinoides p. 611
50
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50. Cap moist, smooth, knobbed; partial veil cobwebby; under conifers - - -
Cortinarius gentilis pp. 615-616
50. Cap moist, radially lined; partial veil absent; in sphagnum bogs - - -
Galerina tibicystis pp. 621-622
Mushroom, the journal for all seasons