1
1. Gills free (not attached to stalk) - - -
2
1. Gills attached to stalk - - -
13
2
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2. Ring of tissue (skirtlike or bandlike) present on stalk - - -
3
2. Ring absent - - -
10
3
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3. Saclike cup of tissue (volva) present about stalk base - - -
e.g. Amanita phalloides p. 543
3. Saclike cup absent - - -
4
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4. Tissue remnants, rows of concentric patches or cuplike rim near stalk base - - -
e.g. Amanita pantherina p. 541
4. Stalk base smooth (or appearing so) - - -
5
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5. Cap slimy or sticky when fresh - - -
e.g. Limacella solidipes p. 554
5. Cap dry to moist, not slimy - - -
6
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6. Cap usually adorned with patches (removable without tearing cap flesh) - - -
e.g. Amanita rubescens p. 546
6. Cap scaly or smooth but not adorned with removable (veil) patches - - -
7
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7. Cap scaly, usually with central nipple, knob or disc; ring usually movable - - -
Lepiota pp. 513-523
7. Not as above - - -
8
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8. Cap smooth; mushroom white; ring movable; growing in grass - - -
Lepiota naucina
8. Not as above - - -
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9. Mushrooms small to large; cap scaly; in grass or woods; spore print white - - -
Lepiota pp. 513-523
9. Mushrooms typically large; cap scaly; in grass; spore print grayish green - - -
Chlorophyllum molybdites p. 509
10
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10. Saclike cup present about stalk base; cap margin radially lined - - -
e.g. Amanita fulva p. 536
10. Saclike cup absent; cap margin lined or smooth - - -
11
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11. Cap slimy or sticky when fresh - - -
e.g. Limacella glioderma p. 554
11. Cap dry to moist, not slimy - - -
12
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12. Cap margin radially lined; cap or stalk powdery - - -
e.g. Amanita farinosa p. 533
12. Cap margin radially lined or smooth; cap and stalk smooth - - -
Amanita (altered by weather, etc.) pp. 525-552
13
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13. Universal veil present (egglike structure encasing entire immature mushroom). (On maturing mushrooms this appears as removable patches or loose powder on the cap and or patches, powder or a saclike cup about stalk base, or a slime layer over cap and on stalk) - - -
14
13. Universal veil absent (or its remnants not observed) - - -
20
14
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14. Saclike cup present about stalk base; gills mostly or nearly free - - -
Amanita pp. 525-552
14. Not as above - - -
15
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15. Mushroom large or stout; gills descending stalk; double partial veil present on stalk (may be incorrectly interpreted as a universal and partial veil) - - -
Catathelasma pp. 741-742
15. Not as above - - -
16
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16. Scalelike, patchlike or powdery tissue on cap or about stalk base; mushrooms usually whitish to gray; stalk often "rooting" - - -
e.g. Amanita cokeri p. 531
16. Not as above - - -
17
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17. Scales present on cap and stalk base; ring or ring zone present on upper stalk; rising from underground bulblike structure, rare - - -
Squamanita p. 524
17. Not as above - - -
18
18
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18. Universal veil granular-warty, leaving patches on cap and encasing stalk - - -
Dissoderma p. 512
18. Universal veil slimy, leaving slime layer on cap and stalk - - -
19
19
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19. Gills mostly or nearly free - - -
Limacella p. 554
19. Gills clearly attached - - -
e.g. Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus p. 664
20
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20. Partial veil double (may be misinterpreted as universal and partial veil) - - -
Catathelasma pp. 741-742
20. Not as above - - -
21
21
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21. Sleevelike tissue encasing stalk to near top (with exceptions); on the ground - - -
22
21. Not as above; mushroom on wood - - -
30
22
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22. Cap dry - - -
23
22. Cap slimy to tacky - - -
27
23
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23. Mushroom rising from underground bulblike structure - - -
24
23. Not as above - - -
25
24
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24. Scales present on cap and stalk base; ring or zone present on upper stalk - - -
Squamanita p. 524
24. Patches on cap; sleevelike tissue encasing stalk - - -
Dissoderma p. 512
25
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25. Cap and stalk granular-warty - - -
Cystoderma pp. 510-51
25. Not as above - - -
26
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26. Ring conspicuous, usually atop sheathing stalk covering - - -
Armlllaria pp. 731-735
26. Ring or ring zone present on upper stalk; stalk smooth or appressed scaly - - -
Tricholoma cingulatum (not in Audubon field guide)
27
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27. Gills mostly or nearly free - - -
Limacella p. 554
27. Gills clearly attached - - -
28
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28. Ring typically conspicuous and membranous - - -
Armillaria pp. 731-735
28. Not as above - - -
29
29
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29. Gills notched at stalk; ring zone on upper stalk and appressed scaly below zone - - -
Tricholoma aurantium p.799
29. Gills attached or slightly descending stalk; ring zone present in a few - - -
e.g. Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus p. 664
30
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30. Usually at base of trees, about stumps; clustered; fleshy; honey-colored - - -
Armillariella mellea p. 736
30. Not as above - - -
31
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31. Stalkless; tough; very small; numerous on logs and fallen branches - - -
Tectella patellaris p. 798
31. Not as above - - -
32
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32. On trees; whitish; fleshy-firm; gill edges smooth - - -
Pleurotus dryinus p. 792
32. On railroad ties or plants; toughish; gill edges saw-toothed or uneven - - -
Lentinus lepideus p. 766
Mushroom, the journal for all seasons